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Conversation A : On the Train
FEMALE: Good afternoon. May I sit here?
MARTIN: Of course. Please.
FEMALE: I am Dr Darejan Mamoulishvili.
MARTIN: I'm Martin Learner.
FEMALE: Are you going to New York, Mr Learner?
MARTIN: Yes, I am. I have some work there.
FEMALE: What do you do?
MARTIN: I'm a reporter.
FEMALE: Very nice.
MARTIN: What do you do?
FEMALE: I'm a doctor.
MARTIN: Are you a medical doctor?
FEMALE: Yes. I'm a children's doctor.
MARTIN: Wonderful! Are you going to New York?
FEMALE: Yes, I am.
MARTIN: Do you have work there?
FEMALE: No, I don't. I am on vacation.
MARTIN: Where are you from?
FEMALE: I am from Georgia.
MARTIN: Are you from Atlanta? You don't sound Georgian.
FEMALE: No, I am not from Georgia in America. I am from Georgia in Europe.
MARTIN: Where are you from in Georgia?
FEMALE: I'm from Tbilisi.
MARTIN: Do you work in Tbilisi?
FEMALE: Sometimes. I worked in Moscow last month.
FEMALE: I worked in Kiev last year.
MARTIN: Do you have friends in New York?
FEMALE: Yes, I do. I worked in New York.
MARTIN: How long did you work in New York.
FEMALE: Only one year.
MARTIN: When did you work in New York?
FEMALE: Five years ago. But I visited New York, too.
MARTIN: When did you visit New York?
FEMALE: Ten years ago. Three years ago. And last year.
MARTIN: Who do you visit?
FEMALE: I visit my doctor friends. I visit hospitals.
MARTIN: You have a working vacation.
FEMALE: That's right. I was working in Atlanta.
MARTIN: Atlanta, Georgia? Georgia in the United States?
FEMALE: That's right. Georgia in America.
MARTIN: When were you in Georgia?
FEMALE: I was in Georgia last week. I visited the Centers for Disease Control.
MARTIN: Who did you visit?
FEMALE: It was a meeting. I met with children's doctors. We talked about children's diseases.
MARTIN: When did you meet?
FEMALE: We met last Thursday and Friday.
Practice 1：when 引导的过去时的特殊疑问句，回答时常用过去的时间短语，如“five years ago(一段时间名词+ago)，last year(last+点时间名词)”。
Examples: MARTIN: When did you work in New York?
FEMALE: Five years ago. But I visited New York, too.
MARTIN: When did you visit New York.
FEMALE: Ten years ago.
MARTIN: When were you in Georgia?
FEMALE: I was in Georgia last week.
MARTIN: When did you meet?
FEMALE: We met last Thursday.
会话 A : 在火车上
女 ：下午好，我可以坐这儿吗?
马 丁：当然可以，请坐。
女 ：我是达里詹·默莫利什维利医生。
马 丁：我叫马丁·勒纳。
女 ：勒纳先生，你去纽约吗?
马 丁：是的，我去那里办点事。
女 ：你做什么工作?
马 丁：我是记者。
女 ：很好。
马 丁：你做什么工作?
女 ：我是医生。马 丁：你是医生吗?
女 ：是的，我是儿科医生。
马 丁：好极了!你去纽约吗?
女 ：是的。
马 丁：你去那里办事吗?
女 ：不是，我去度假。
马 丁：你是哪儿的人?
女 ：我是格鲁吉亚人。
马 丁：你是亚特兰大人吗?你听起来不像乔治亚人。
女 ：不，我不是来自美国的乔治亚，我是来自欧洲的格鲁吉亚。
马 丁：你是格鲁吉亚什么地方的人?
女 ：第比利斯人。
马 丁：你在第比利斯工作吗?
女 ：有时在，我上月在莫斯科工作，我去年在基辅工作。
马 丁：你在纽约有朋友吗?
女 ：有，我在纽约工作过。
马 丁：你在纽约工作了多久?
女 ：仅一年。
马 丁：你什么时候在纽约工作的?
女 ：五年前，但我过去也去过纽约。
马 丁：你过去什么时候去过纽约?
女 ：10年前，3年前，还有去年。
马 丁：作去拜访谁?
女 ：我去拜访我的医生朋友，我参观医院。
马 丁：你是度工作假期。
女 ：不错，我曾在亚特兰大工作。
马 丁：亚特兰大，乔治亚?美国的乔治亚?
女 ：对，美国的乔治亚。
马 丁：你什么时候去过乔治亚?
女 ：我上周去过乔治亚，去参观防疫中心。
马 丁：你去拜访谁?
女 ：去开个会，会见儿科医生，讨论儿科疾病。
马 丁：你们什么时候开会的?
女 ：我们上周四和周五开会。
Conversation B
MARTIN: When did you come to the United States?
FEMALE: I came last month.
MARTIN: What are you going to do in New york?
FEMALE: I'm going to visit friends. And I'm going to visit hospitals.
MARTIN: When do you visit family?
FEMALE: I don't have any family in America.
MARTIN: When do you visit family in Georgia?
FEMALE: I visit family during my vacation.
MARTIN: When is your vacation?
FEMALE: Sometimes my vacation is in the summer.
MARTIN: When did you visit your family?
FEMALE: I visited my family last summer. I worked in Kiev last year I visited my family during my vacation.
MARTIN: What do you like to do during your vacation?
FEMALE: I like to swim. I like to walk in the mountains.
MARTIN: Do you have mountains in Georgia?
FEMALE: Of course. We have many mountains and rivers.
FEMALE: When do you go on vacation?
MARTIN: I go on vacation during the summer.
MARTIN: Sometimes I go during the winter.
FEMALE: What do you like to do?
MARTIN: I like to walk in the mountains, too. My wife likes to hear music and see plays.
FEMALE: When does she see plays?
MARTIN: She went to see a play last week.
FEMALE: Where did she see the play?
MARTIN: She saw the play in Baltimore. We live in Baltimore. She saw the play in New York, too.
FEMALE: When?
MARTIN: Last month.
FEMALE: Do you like music?
MARTIN: Yes, I do.
FEMALE: When do you listen to music?
MARTIN: I listen on the radio. I go to concerts.
FEMALE: When do you go to concerts?
MARTIN: I went to a concert last month.
FEMALE: Do you like sports?
MARTIN: Yes, I do. I like baseball. Do you like baseball.
FEMALE: No, I don't. When do you go to baseball.
MARTIN: We say baseball games.
FEMALE: You go to baseball games.
MARTIN: That's right.
FEMALE: When do you go to baseball games?
MARTIN: In the summer.
FEMALE: Did you go last summer?
MARTIN: Of course. I went with my family. I went with my friends, too.FEMALE: Do you like reading?
MARTIN: Yes, I do.
FEMALE: I like reading very much.
MARTIN: When do you like to read?
FEMALE: I like to read in the winter. I read Tolstoy in Kiev.
MARTIN: When did you read Tolstoy?
FEMALE: Last winter.
MARTIN: Do you read English books?
FEMALE: Sometimes. I like American books. I read Mark Twain.
MARTIN: When did you read Mark Twain?
FEMALE: Oh. Fifteen years ago. I was in school.
FEMALE: When did you play baseball?
MARTIN: Last summer. I played with my son and his friends. Do you like to travel?
FEMALE: Yes, I do. I meet new friends. I study. I work with new children. I like to travel.
MARTIN: Do you like sports?
FEMALE: Yes, I do. I like to play tennis.
MARTIN: I like to play tennis, too. When do you play?
FEMALE: I play when I travel. I played in Atlanta. I'm going to play in New York.
MARTIN: Would you like some coffee?
FEMALE: No, thank you. I don't like coffee.
Practice 2：when 引导的过去时的特殊疑问句结构是：“when+did+主语+动词原形+其它”。
Examples: FEMALE: I studied in Moscow.
MARTIN: When did you study in Moscow?
会话 B
马 丁：你什么时候到美国来的?
女 ：我上个月来的。
马 丁：你来纽约做什么?
女 ：我将拜访朋友，并且参观医院。
马 丁：你什么时候探亲呢?
女 ：我在美国没有亲戚。
马 丁：你什么时候看望格鲁吉亚的亲戚?
女 ：我在假期探亲。
马 丁：你的假期是什么时候?
女 ：有时我的假期在夏天。
马 丁：你上一次是在什么时候探亲的?
女 ：去年夏天，我去年在基辅工作，我是在假期探亲的。
马 丁：在假期你都喜欢做什么?
女 ：我喜欢游泳，在山里散步。
马 丁：你们格鲁吉亚有山吗?
女 ：当然有，我们那儿有山有河。你什么时候度假?
马 丁：我在夏天度假，有时在冬天度假。
女 ：你喜欢干什么?
马 丁：我也喜欢在山里散步，我妻子喜欢听音乐，看戏。
女 ：她什么时候看戏?
马 丁：她上周看了一场戏。
女 ：她在哪儿看的戏?
马 丁：她在巴尔的摩看的，我们住在巴尔的摩，她还在纽约看过戏。
女 ：什么时候?
马 丁：上个月。
女 ：你喜欢音乐吗?
马 丁：喜欢。
女 ：你在哪儿听音乐?
马 丁：我用收音机听音乐，去音乐会听音乐。
女 ：你什么时候去听音乐会的?
马 丁：上个月。
女 ：你喜欢体育吗?
马 丁：喜欢，我喜欢棒球，你喜欢棒球吗?
女 ：不喜欢，你什么时候去看棒球?
马 丁：我们说成(看)棒球赛。
女 ：你去看棒球赛。
马 丁：对。
女 ：你什么时候去看棒球赛?
马 丁：在夏天。
女 ：你去年夏天去了吗?
马 丁：当然，我是和我的家人一起去的，也和朋友们一起去。
女 ：你喜欢读书吗?
马 丁：是的。喜欢。
女 ：我非常喜欢读书。
马 丁：你喜欢什么时候读书?
女 ：我喜欢在冬天读书，我在基辅读了托尔斯泰的作品。
马 丁：你什么时候读的托尔斯泰作品?
女 ：去年冬天?
马 丁：你看英语书吗?
女 ：有时看，我喜欢美国书，我读过马克·吐温的作品。
马 丁：你什么时候读的马克·吐温的作品。
女 ：噢，15年前，我在上学的时候。
女 ：你上次是什么时候打棒球的?
马 丁：去年夏天，我和我儿子还有他的朋友一起打的。你喜欢旅行吗?
女 ：是的，喜欢。我结识新朋友，学习，给陌生的小孩看病，我喜欢旅行。
马 丁：你喜欢体育吗?
女 ：是的，喜欢。我喜欢打网球。
马 丁：我也喜欢打网球，你什么时候打网球?
女 ：我旅行的时候打网球，我在亚特兰大打过，我还将在纽约打网球。
马 丁：你要些咖啡吗?
女 ：不要，谢谢。我不喜欢咖啡。
New Words and Expressions 生词和短语
leisure n. 空闲；闲暇
medical adj. 医学的
vacation n. 假期；休假
Europe n. 欧洲
hospital n. 医院
disease n. 疾病
control n. 控制
Center for Disease Control 防疫站；防疫中心
concert n. 音乐会
Proper Nouns 专有名词
Georgia(n.) (美)乔治亚(人)；(苏)格鲁吉亚(人)
Atlanta 亚特兰大市
Tbilisi 第比利斯市
Moscow 莫斯科市
Kiev 基辅市
Tolstoy 托尔斯泰
Mark Twain 马克·吐温
Language Points 语言要点
1 . be on vacation 度假，go on vacation 去度假，working vacation 工作假期， during one's vacation 在假期期间。
2 . when 引导的特殊疑问句，可以询问过去的活动，也可询问现在经常进行的活动。它问的是个时间点，若问段时间，就得用 how long。
例如：
When did you work in New York? 你什么时候在纽约工作的?
Five years ago. 5年前。
When do you like to read? 你什么时候喜欢读书?
I like to read in the winter. 我喜欢在冬季读书。
How long did you work in New York? 你在纽约工作多久?
Only one year. 只有一年。
3．“喜欢做某事”有两种表达法：“like+动名词(v-ing) like+不定式(to do sth.)”。例如：
I like reading very much. 我非常喜欢读书。
I like to walk in the mountains. 我喜欢在山间散步。
4．doctor 可以是“医生”，也可以是“博士”。只说 doctor，在英语中分不出是哪个，故马丁问是不是 medical doctor，是想问谁是不是医生。
5．Georgia 在汉语中，根据不同国家译成两个名字，其实，是一个单词。碰巧，该地名在前苏联和美国都有，这种重名现象，导致了马丁问是美国的 Georgia，还是前苏联的 Georgia。
Cultural Notes 文化注释
火车车厢分为头等和二等。头等车厢叫做 pullman，就是卧铺，每位旅客都订有专供睡觉休息用的铺位(berth)。二等车厢就是 coach，是一般的普通座位。在横跨美国大陆的长途火车上，另外设有二层的了望车厢(vista-dome car)、餐车(dinning car)、自助餐车(buffet car)和交谊餐车(club lounge car)等。为了方便外国旅客观光游览，铁路公司特别出售铁路优待证(USA Rail Pass)，价格相当低廉。
美国最大的铁路公司叫 Amtrak (the National Railway Passenger Corporation 国家铁路客运公司)，它是由国会在1971年创建，用以改善城市间铁路客运。今天，Amtrak 系统已经覆盖美国44州500多个城市，铁路线长达25,000英里。
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