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What
Are the Risks of Smoking
吸烟有害健康 （3）
CARDIOVASCULAR
DISEASES
[13]
Smoking also has been linked time and again to cardiovascular diseases.
Among these, the biggest killer is heart disease: according to the
CDC, smoking triples the risk of dying from heart disease among
middle-aged men and women.
[14]
Studies also show an increased risk of death from stroke, aneurysms,
high blood pressure, and other cardiovascular illnesses.
RESPIRATORY
DISEASES
[15]
Smoking is cited as a risk for dying of pneumonia, chronic bronchitis,
or emphysema. The CDC says people who smoke increase their risk
of death from bronchitis and emphysema by nearly 10 times.
OTHER
ILLNESSES
[16]
A report recently published in the American Journal of Epidemiology
suggested that smoking increased the risk of developing non-insulin-dependent
diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) by more than three times.
[17]
Studies have pointed to smoking as a risk in vision loss among older
people, mental impairment later in life, Alzheimer's disease and
other forms of dementia.
EFFECT
ON PREGNANCY
[18]
Pregnant women who smoke can pass nicotine and carbon monoxide to
their baby through the placenta. Research indicates this can prevent
the baby from getting the oxygen and nutrients it needs to grow--potentially
leading to fetal injury, premature birth, or low birth weight. According
to the American Lung Association, smoking during pregnancy accounts
for an estimated 20 to 30 percent of low birthweight babies, up
to 14 percent of premature deliveries, and about 10 percent of all
infant deaths.
心血管疾病
[13]吸烟还被一再地和心血管疾病联系在一起，其中最大的杀手是心脏病。根据疾病防治中心的说法，吸烟使中年男女烟民死于心脏病的危险增至3倍。
[14]研究还表明，死于中风、动脉瘤、高血压和其他心血管疾病的危险也有所增加。
呼吸系统疾病
[15]吸烟被引证为导致死于肺炎、慢性气管炎或肺气肿的一种隐患。疾病防治中心说，吸烟的人死于支气管炎和肺气肿的危险比不吸烟的人高出将近
10倍。
其他疾病
[16]美国《流行病学杂志》最近发表的一份报告表明，吸烟使人们患非胰岛素依赖型糖尿病的危险增加了3倍多。
[17]研究指出，吸烟有导致老年人中的失明、晚年大脑损伤、早老性痴呆病和其他类型的痴呆病的危险。
吸烟对妊娠的影响
[18]抽烟的怀孕女性会通过胎盘把尼古丁和一氧化碳传给胎儿。研究表明，这会妨碍胎儿获得发育所需要的氧气和营养物质，这可能对胎儿造成伤害，引起早产或胎儿体重不足。根据美国肺器官协会的说法，估计有20％至30％的体重不足的婴儿，多达14％的早产以及约
10％的婴儿死亡都是由于女性在孕期吸烟引起的。吸烟的母亲还有可能通过喂母乳把尼古丁传给婴儿。
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